Archaeologists have made a groundbreaking discovery in Kafr Sheikh, Egypt — the first and largest astronomical observatory from the 6th century BC. The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities shared the remarkable find on Facebook, showcasing various artifacts unearthed during the excavation. The Egyptian archaeological mission from the Supreme Council of Antiquities, working at the Buto Temple in Tell el-Faraeen area in Kafr El-Sheikh, revealed the ancient observatory, which dates back to the 6th century BCE.
The observatory, covering about half a mile, was utilized to observe and record astronomical findings, tracking the movement of the sun and stars in the temple city. The architectural design of the observatory includes a side entrance facing East where the sun rises, a hall of central columns open in an L-shape, and a towering brick wall that leans inward — a characteristic of Egyptian temple entrance design. The building was likely used to measure sun inclination and shadows, as well as to monitor the movement of the sun throughout the day.
The structure consists of 15 feet-long limestone tiles arranged in five level blocks, three vertical and two horizontal. An inclined stone sundial, referred to as “the inclined shadow clock,” was also found at the site. This timekeeping instrument is one of the most prominent in ancient times according to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Additionally, the excavation uncovered five mud brick chambers used for storing tools, four small rooms, a large hall adorned with yellow decorations and scenic paintings, as well as remnants of a blue painting depicting the Falcon’s head Horus and the eye of the Ojat, symbolic of the universe and associated with the Sun, Moon, and various Egyptian idols.
Numerous time-measuring devices, statues of idols, and pottery artifacts were among the discoveries made by the archaeological mission. The significance of the observatory in enhancing our understanding of Ancient Egyptian astronomy and scientific practices cannot be overstated. Science Alert noted that the Egyptians were pioneers in astronomy, attributing the 365-day calendar and the 24-hour day to their expertise. Ancient Egyptians meticulously mapped the night sky and developed their own constellations and zodiac signs, some of which are still recognized today.
The recent discovery of the observatory in Kafr Sheikh is a valuable addition to our knowledge of Ancient Egyptian astronomical achievements. This find sheds light on the sophisticated scientific practices of the ancient civilization and highlights their enduring legacy in the field of astronomy. Ancient-Origins.net emphasized the importance of this discovery in contributing to our understanding of Ancient Egyptian astronomical knowledge and techniques.
In conclusion, the uncovering of the first and largest astronomical observatory from the 6th century BC in Kafr Sheikh, Egypt is a momentous event in the field of archaeology. The findings at the site provide valuable insights into the astronomical practices of the ancient Egyptians and underscore their remarkable achievements in the field of astronomy. This discovery further solidifies Egypt’s historical significance as a cradle of civilization and a hub of scientific innovation in ancient times.
