A recent 4.7 magnitude earthquake has struck Hawaii’s Big Island, causing concern for residents and officials. Japan has also issued a warning about a potential “megaquake” that could strike within the coming decades. This raises questions about the nature of earthquakes, their causes, and how individuals can stay safe in the event of one.
An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the Earth’s surface that is caused by movements in the planet’s outermost layer, according to NASA. The U.S. Geological Survey estimates that there are approximately 500,000 detectable earthquakes in the world each year, with 100,000 of these being felt, and 100 causing damage. The phenomenon can result in property damage, injuries, and fatalities as a result of flying debris, collapsing structures, and more, as noted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
For individuals faced with an earthquake, it is crucial to take precautions to ensure their safety. FEMA has provided guidelines for preparation before, during, and after an earthquake. The agency emphasizes the importance of creating an emergency plan that includes a family communication strategy and a designated meeting place. Additionally, individuals should assemble an emergency supply kit containing essentials such as food, water, a flashlight, fire extinguisher, and a whistle.
Before an earthquake strikes, it is advisable to secure furniture items that could pose a hazard during the shaking. FEMA recommends identifying and securing heavy or breakable objects, such as bookcases and refrigerators, to prevent injuries. Additionally, individuals should consider obtaining earthquake insurance coverage, as standard homeowner’s insurance policies typically do not include earthquake damage protection.
In the event of an earthquake, FEMA suggests practicing the “drop, cover, and hold on” technique. This involves dropping to the ground, covering the head and neck with arms, and holding onto a sturdy object until the shaking subsides. If indoors during an earthquake, individuals should remain inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to exit. If outdoors, it is best to move away from buildings and seek open spaces to avoid falling debris.
Following an earthquake, individuals should remain cautious of aftershocks and continue to monitor the news for updates. Those living near the ocean should stay alert for potential tsunamis. FEMA advises against using lighters or matches near damaged areas due to the risk of gas fires. If injured, individuals should seek medical attention from healthcare providers or call 911 for emergencies.
In conclusion, earthquakes pose a significant threat to communities around the world, requiring preparedness and caution from individuals. By following safety guidelines and taking preventive measures, individuals can minimize the risks associated with earthquakes and enhance their chances of staying safe during these natural disasters.
