The recent decision by the Trump administration to remove the foreign terrorist organization (FTO) designation from Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham, commonly known as HTS, marks a significant shift in U.S. policy towards Syria. This announcement was made by Secretary of State Marco Rubio and reflects evolving dynamics between Washington and Damascus. HTS, which has been a focal point of U.S. counterterrorism efforts and is led by interim president Ahmed al-Sharaa, has historically been known for its ties to extremist factions, including a previous affiliation with al-Qaeda.
The official revocation of HTS’s designation occurred on June 23 and is set to be officially enacted on an upcoming Tuesday, as confirmed by Rubio’s notice. This change comes alongside the publication of relevant drafts in the federal register, signaling a new phase in U.S.-Syria relations. Many analysts view this move as part of a broader strategy of rapprochement between the two nations, potentially reshaping the geopolitical landscape in the region.
In his statement, Rubio emphasized that the revocation aligns with HTS’s announced dissolution, as well as the Syrian government’s renewed commitment to combatting terrorism effectively. This assertion is noteworthy, given that HTS’s past has been marred by accusations of extremist activities. The Secretary of State articulated his belief that this decision is a step forward, echoing the administration’s desire for a stable, unified, and peaceful Syria, a vision previously articulated by President Donald Trump.
Moreover, the timing of this decision corresponds with the announcement of the June 30 Executive Order titled “Providing for the Revocation of Syria Sanctions.” This executive order recognizes what the administration perceives as constructive actions taken by the newly instated Syrian government. Under President Ahmed al-Sharaa, who ascended to power following the remarkable ousting of Bashar al-Assad in December 2024, the Syrian government has undergone significant transformation.
Despite these developments, it is critical to note that diplomatic relations between the United States and Syria have yet to be re-established. Nonetheless, there have been intermittent meetings between U.S. administration officials and Syrian representatives, indicating a thawing in relations that has been regarded as crucial for regional stability.
Al-Sharaa’s leadership over HTS has been transformative, as the group itself originated from a previous al-Qaeda affiliate, complicating its image and role in the ongoing Syrian conflict. Following his takeover, HTS became instrumental in reshaping various political and military dynamics in Syria.
Recently, Trump signed an executive order which formalizes the lifting of sanctions imposed on Syria, a move aimed at aiding the nation’s post-war recovery. The revocation of these sanctions is reported to be accompanied by a review of Syria’s designation as a state sponsor of terrorism, which has been in effect since 1979, and includes examining the foreign terrorist organization listings.
The executive order also mandated that the State Department reassess the Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) classifications against HTS and its leader, al-Sharaa. However, a spokesperson affirmed that HTS remains classified currently under an alias of al-Nusrah Front, which still holds a designation as an SDGT. Furthermore, al-Sharaa continues to be listed on the Treasury Department’s sanctions list.
In conclusion, these developments signify a pivotal juncture in U.S. foreign policy towards Syria. The removal of HTS’s designation as a foreign terrorist organization, alongside other associated reviews of Syria’s status concerning terrorism, positions the United States at a crucial crossroads where strategic interests, humanitarian considerations, and regional stability must be balanced delicately. This evolving dialogue between the U.S. and Syria under President Trump is indicative of a potential shift in the geopolitical equilibrium within the Middle East, presenting both challenges and opportunities for the international community moving forward.
